Lago’s Motiveless Malignancy

S. T. Coleridge viewed Iago as â€Å"A being close to the fallen angel, just not exactly the villain whose informative monologues were ‘the intention chasing of motiveless malignity’†. From your perusing up until this point, how much do you concur with this view? Iago is one of Shakespeare’s generally convincing and refined reprobate. He is considered as such due to the trust that Othello places in him and which he sells out while keeping up his notoriety of a legitimate and solid man.Shakespeare presents Iago as pessimistic, savvy and entrepreneurial, in this manner having all characteristics of stage scalawags in vengeance catastrophes. He is eaten up by envy and contempt, and this leads him to look for approaches to devastate Othello by harming his psyche against Desdemona. Iago is an ace in imagining and wrecking. The greater part of the occasions we see that he appreciates having a crowd of people, since we see that he has a ton of monologues where he traces his plot plainly. Anyway he is fairly strange particularly when he won't talk toward the finish of the play.In certainty, it is this quiet prompted Coleridge presuming that he has a â€Å"motiveless malignity†. A similar pundit additionally saw Iago as â€Å"being close to the devil†. Here Iago is not, at this point considered as the exemplification of malevolence, however he is viewed for instance of a genuinely constrained man, driven by envy. Most other Shakespearean characters do awful things so as to accomplish a specific objective. Frequently the thought process is desire as in Macbeth or vengeance, as in Hamlet. The thing about Iago is that we actually never know for certain why Iago acts In this way.However, numerous individuals imagine that the conceivable rationale in Iago’s activities is envy, especially towards Desdemona, Cassio and Othello. Iago considers them to be increasingly honorable, liberal and on account of Cassio, more attractive tha n he is. This is reflected in the line when he says: â€Å"He hath an every day magnificence in his life that makes me ugly†. What's more, Iago presumes his significant other, Emilia, of unfaithfulness with Cassio. Iago’s relationship with Roderigo is driven by insensitive eagerness, and when his â€Å"purse† turns into a hazardous bother, he executes him.His intentions in decimating Othello’s joy are driven by negative motivations. Iago holds resentment against Othello for advancing Cassio rather than him. Aside from ordinary desire, Iago is additionally eaten uo with sexual envy. He detests Othello since he speculates that the general has â€Å"twixt my sheets .. done my office†. Also, in light of this neurosis, Iago decides to utilize the integrity of Othello’s spouse, Desdemona to â€Å"enmesh them all†. Another thought process, for Iago to abhor Othello is racism.His low assessment of him is extremely clear in a significant numbe r of his discourses, particularly in the way that he specifies him. Iago needs to debase those that he scorns. Iago is independent, prideful and certain. These characteristics help him in his tricky journey. He is likewise extremely fruitful on the grounds that he can assume a few jobs convincingly, and can adjust his style to suit any event. Iago just uncovers his actual nature in his monologues. Also, this is the reason it is hard for us to see the genuine intention underneath the appearance that he makes to cover his actual self.

The Liberal Backbone of America :: essays research papers

The Liberal Backbone of America Inside the system of majority rule private enterprise, the American Constitution and government structure have an in a general sense liberal spine. Seen as an implicit understanding, the connection between the state and the individual is communicated in the Constitution which directs the liberal qualities characteristically woven into American history. Joined with the Bill of Rights, the Constitution considers the agent government responsible for its activities and sets limited cutoff points on the force it uses over the person. An industrialist society, for example, that of the United States utilizes tax assessment and riches dissemination as an instrument for controlling social correspondence, an unavoidable bad faith of liberal qualities in a vote based government assistance state. Old style liberal qualities that hold the individual’s rights as foremost have been modernized to suit a somewhat paternalistic social government assistance framework.      Classical radicalism proposes that the state and society can be seen as a tremendous implicit understanding. In a liberal majority rule nation, for example, America, the constitution is the principal part of that implicit understanding; it is an agreement between the state and the common society. The American constitution is a manual for enactment and its understanding. A basically liberal agreement, the constitution ties the administration, yet additionally the individuals. Through the constitution, the individuals all things considered focus on certain institutional techniques for overseeing open issues and settling social clashes. The constitution not just constrains the discretionary intensity of the administration, it additionally keeps open organization from being harmed by individuals' momentary tempers and interests. Through the constitution, the individuals by and large focus on specific checks against those fanciful human conclusions. A focal liberal standard which the American constitution serves, is to restrain and isolate administrative force. The traditionally liberal doubt of majoritarian oppression has proceeded into present-day American legislative issues through its job in the Constitution. In a liberal sacred framework, there is a significant contrast between the constitution and common laws. While normal laws can be adjusted or canceled to secure common freedoms by the national lawmaking body, or be announced unlawful or unlawful by the procedure of legal audit (Burns et al, 1993, p.21), the national council for the most part has no one-sided capacity to alter or annul the constitution, and the legal executive has no capacity to proclaim the constitution illicit. For instance, in the United States, the constitution must be adjusted after the assemblies (or established shows) of 66% of the states favor, or by a 66% vote of the two places of Congress, trailed by confirmation from seventy five percent of th e states or their approval shows (Burns et al, 1993, p.

Choosing The Right SEO Services For Your Business

Choosing The Right SEO Services For Your Business Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Choosing The Right SEO Services For Your Small Business NeedsUpdated On 16/01/2016Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : http://hbb.me/1Gy0bH5 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAs the era of the Internet has taken over the world, more and more people are considering the idea to go ahead and publish their businesses on the web in the form of a website. While doing so, many notice that there may be a couple of problems when it comes down to getting a stable and virtuous number of visitors on a daily basis, thus being able to promote the services that they offer.Search Engine Optimization, also known as SEO is essential to promote a website and to make sure that more and more people see it and consider buying the services listed. With this in mind, there are a couple of tips that should be followed in order to ensure that you choose the right local SEO services for your small business needs.Choosing The Right SEO Services1. Think about the scale that you’d like to take things toThis is the step where most people make mistakes. It’s imperative to make sure that you do not over promote your website and that you target the right array of people at the same time as well. To put things better into perspective, you don’t want to promote a local restaurant to people overboard, but rather to locals and others who are close in the area.You also do not want to go ahead and over promote your business in the case that you can only handle a certain number of orders at the same time.2. Think about the priceAnother very important price is to keep a close eye on the price and to study the market well before making any SEO related decision. Chances are that you’ll go ahead and hire professionals, as this is the best way to ensure success and upon interest, a quote will be given. With this factor in mind, make sure that you have a basic understandin g of the services offered by the SEO companies that you’re considering.READWhat's The Golden Key To Online Business Growth?3. Focus on contentIf a SEO service provider will tell you that content is not important to have a successful site, fire him/her immediately, as in the online world, content is king! Users need to have something engaging to read and to comprehend in order to ensure that they find out more about your services and understand why they would be needed. Of course, things differ from time to time, mostly depending on the niche that your business is in, but make sure to consider content, as it’s a great source to generate traffic, especially if you’re selling physical goods.Based on the factors that have been outlined so far, you should have somewhat of a batter understanding when it comes down to fulfilling the SEO needs for your site, but also choosing the services that are right for you from all the point of view. As a last note, make sure to pick those who se em believable, have reviews and are offering decent prices, as a price too good to be true is just that!

Notes On Theories Of Creation - 3451 Words

THE THEORIES OF CREATION Alton Wimberley College of Biblical Studies October 7, 2014 THEORIES OF CREATION ___________________ A Paper Presented to Dr. Shane Boothe College of Biblical Studies ___________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course BIBL 1311: Pentateuch ___________________ by Alton Wimberley October 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 DAY AGE THEORY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 EVOLUTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Atheistic Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Theistic Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......6 GAP THEORY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 LITERAL SIX DAY THEORY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 INTRODUCTION In the beginning God! These are not only the first words of God to mankind concerning the origin but it is at the same time the last words also. At one point in time however, there was neither time nor creation. God spoke the word and all creation came into being just as he spoke it. There was no greater being before God, there is now no greater being than God, and there will never be any greater being after God – seeing that God is omnipresent and not going anywhere. Man has really tried to substitute philosophy and science for the word of God, but God’s statement still stands. Although Moses wrote the book of Genesis centuries ago, now there hasShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwin And Darwin s Theories On The Human Understanding Of Biological History1499 Words   |  6 Pagespublished The Origen of Species in 1859, he knew the asseverations made in it would cause a rift in the scientific community of his day. Also, he knew that his work would not be received by huma nity with open arms because of the dogmatic idea of creation that was predominant in his time. Nonetheless, he went ahead and published the results of his extensive and detailed work because he knew, that not doing so would cause him to lose the right to claim this discovery for himself. At first, the scientificRead MoreThe s Theory Of Energy Conversion1655 Words   |  7 Pagesform of knowledge conversion is demonstrated by apprentices who learn critical skills just by working alongside their mentors. Evidently, therefore, experience is a key cornerstone when it comes to an individual acquiring tacit knowledge. Nonaka’s theory of energy conversion suggests that it is enormously difficult for individuals to share their thinking processes without keenly sharing their experiences (Bashar Sarayreh 2012). A common feature of this form of conversion is emotional attachment toRead MoreShould Creationism be taught in Public Schools? Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional theor y of evolution and introduce facts of Creationism as well. In offering both sides to this idea of how the world began, it gives the students a great opportunity to find their own answers. What a wonderful experience for a teacher to see his or her students operating on fact-finding, discussions, and learning to appreciate differences of opinion. Teachers of middle school students strive to enrich our children with all of the knowledge and facts of the Theory of creation through Darwin’sRead MoreWhat Makes A Work Of Art?777 Words   |  4 Pagesexplain the habitual process, Collingwood compares art’s habitual creation to the human’s habitual process of speech. While discussing art, he mentions that there are two theories that impose his own; however, he doesn’t believe to argue on them because it’s theorization and requires a person actually to solve it before arguing against it. However, Collingwood notes that theories have a similarity to art, and that is the process of creation. The next section of his essay discusses making and creatingRead MoreThe s Knowledge Conversion Theory1199 Words   |  5 Pagesuncertainties manifest themselves in market shifts leading to technology proliferation, increased competition. In some cases, key products may become obsolete thereby translating into enormous loses. It is essential to note that only those organizations that emphasize an investment in knowledge creation thrive under such circumstances. Consistent innovation is, therefore, the key to guaranteed profitable ventures in any organization’s future. Business leaders from all around the world adopt different approachesRead MoreEssay on Creation vs. Evolution1373 Words   |  6 Pagesthought amongst Creation proponents. Specifically their noting certain improbabilities of evolutions ability to â€Å"design.† Ill evade defining the individual concepts because theyve all been described before, and far better than I could manage, although Ill point out th at micro/macro evolution distinction is largely Creationist lingo, as is the â€Å"kind† terminology. In the text, Ill refer to evolutionary theory/macro-evolution as â€Å"evolution† and creation/intelligent design as â€Å"creation†, and proponentsRead MoreWhat A Work Of Art Is And How It Comes Into Being911 Words   |  4 Pages(Collingwood). Collingwood summarizes some of the theories that exist on how art comes into being but concludes that theorizing is not best approach to answering the questions about art (Collingwood). He believes that theorists over look simple answers and jump to more complicated theories than are necessary (Collingwood). Collingwood states that the activity that voluntarily produces is called creation (Collingwood). Theologians often use the word creation to describe God’s making of the world and thereforeRead MoreThe Influence of Classical Music on Modern Music1064 Words   |  4 PagesHow does the classical music influence the modern music? Classical music influence the modern music by styles`s creation, composing and rhythm ,also many artists use elements of classical music in their work, and some choose to quote or replicate it directly. For example,Walter Murphy’s disco hit â€Å"A Fifth of Beethoven† samples Beethoven’s Symphony No.5. The following picture shows The first 5 section is actually quoted from the Beethoven`s sample. It gained a great reaction. There is anotherRead MoreThe Making Of Evil1251 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature we are commonly introduced to characters that have developed from foulness as an outcome of obtaining what they want. According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, â€Å"man is naturally good† (Notes); Humans have no darkness within themselves in their natural state, but are corrupted by depravity in the world (Notes). Evil is obviously prevalent throughout society, as a result human beings derive malevolent traits throughout their life based on their experiences and circumstance. Hobbes advocated theRead MoreWhat Does It Mean To Be Created In The Image Of God? This1147 Words   |  5 Pages The first section of the text speaks to this very question by conducting an analysis of the creation account in the book of Genesis. The text begins by noting that the creation of man was intentional and specific. Man was not an afterthought or accident. In face scripture states that man was â€Å"very good.† Sc ripture also notes that the creation of man was not an evolutionary event, given that this theory would deny the formation of man from the dust and the breath of life that was given by God specifically

Even in Pot-Legal States, Federal Marijuana Laws Remain

Even as more states legalize marijuana for recreational or medical uses, production, sale, and possession of marijuana in those states continue to be violations of federal drug laws.   And as the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) will, under certain circumstances, arrest and prosecute violators of federal marijuana laws even in pot-legal states. Background As of June 2015, Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, and the District of Columbia had enacted laws legalizing marijuana for both recreational and medical uses. In all, 23 states and the District of Columbia currently had enacted laws legalizing marijuana in some form. However, in a classic example of federalism at work, the GAO noted that the U.S. Attorneys will continue to prosecute cases that threaten federal marijuana enforcement priorities, despite state legalization laws. Just for the record, the current federal penalties for possession of up to 50 kilograms of marijuana or 1 to 49 marijuana plants range from up to 5 years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000 for a first offense, to up to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $500,000 for a second offense. What are the Federal Marijuana Enforcement Priorities? Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) officials and U.S. Attorneys in six states with medical marijuana laws told GAO investigators that their decisions on enforcement and prosecution of federal marijuana laws were typically based on three main factors: Resources needed to target the most significant public health and safety threats, such as violence associated with drug-trafficking organizations;Addressing the concerns of local law enforcement agencies regarding detrimental social side-effects related to the growth of the commercial medical marijuana industry; and Resources need to implement the DOJ’s current marijuana enforcement policy guidance. In an August 29, 2013 memo to all U.S. Attorneys, the DOJ made it clear that they should continue to use their â€Å"limited investigative and prosecutorial resources† to â€Å"rationally† address what the DOJ considers   When are Federal Marijuana Laws Most Likely to Be Enforced? In most cases, enforcement and prosecution of federal marijuana laws in the marijuana-legal states has been and will continue to be focused on preventing the following significant threats: That marijuana will be distributed to minors.That revenue from the sale of marijuana will go to criminal enterprises, gangs and drug cartels.That marijuana from states where it is legal under state laws will be distributed in other states.That state-authorized marijuana operations will be used as cover for trafficking other illegal drugs, like cocaine or heroin.That violence and firearms will be used as part of the growing and distribution of marijuana.That drugged driving and other â€Å"adverse public health consequences† will result from the use of marijuana.That marijuana will be grown on public lands, like national parks, possibly endanger the pubic or government employees.That marijuana will be possessed or used on federally-controlled property. GAO Finds Problems With DOJs Enforcement Monitoring Process According to the GAO, the DOJ molds its marijuana enforcement policies by monitoring the effects of state marijuana legalization in two ways: First, the U.S. Attorneys consult with state law enforcement officials about the potential impacts of federal marijuana enforcement policies. Second, the DOJ consults with the Drug Enforcement Administration and other federal agencies, including the Office of National Drug Control Policy to assess the marijuana enforcement-related data those agencies provide. However, the GAO reported that DOJ had failed to document and report on the federal marijuana enforcement monitoring program as required by its own guidelines. â€Å"Documenting a plan specifying its monitoring process would provide DOJ with greater assurance that its monitoring activities relative to DOJ marijuana enforcement guidance are occurring as intended,† reported the GAO. Providing all of the appropriate federal agencies with a fully documented plan would help the U.S. Attorneys identify state enforcement that are and are not effectively protecting the eight federal enforcement priorities. The DOJ agreed with the GAO’s recommendation that it create and share a fully-documented plan specifying its process for monitoring the effects of state marijuana legalization.

The Social Consequences of Learning Differences Essay

Learning differences have become an observed issue amongst teachers, parents, and mental-health professionals across America. Recently medical scientists have identified numerous different mental illnesses which range from simple dyslexia to bipolar syndrome. Amongst these professionals, there are many different theories questioning whether these illnesses should be treated, how they should be treated, and at what age children should receive such treatment. If these ailments are not addressed at an early enough age where children can be worked with, these children will ultimately suffer throughout school and into their adult lives. Through different studies taken across the country, it is known that learning†¦show more content†¦It is very hard for a child to learn when they suffer from an ailment which they cannot control. Children can be labeled, secluded, and criticized when they can not grasp the same simple skills and understandings that other children can. When such actions occur, children withdraw themselves from society and fight out of a corner as anyone would when put in the same situation. There is also a connection between children with language learning disabilities and a child’s social skills. When children are not able to communicate with their peers, their social skills dwindle. This social dwindling is not limited to one of the types of disabilities mentioned earlier, however, the manner in which children are not social can vary. For example a child with autism can find it excruciating to communicate with his or her peers and parents for that matter. ‘â€Å"SHOULD I FOLLOW you in the car?† my husband, Karl, asks worriedly. â€Å"We’ll be fine,† I say confidently. J’s waiting patiently at the trolley stop. Karl’s worries aren’t unfounded. Because J can’t communicate functionally, he gets frustrated easily. Add to that his hypersensitivity to stimuli, and we never know what will happen†¦The clanging of the bell, which sounds so quaintShow MoreRelatedSoical Cognitive Theory1023 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the major challenges to behaviorism came from studies on observational learning conducted by Albert Bandura and colleagues. (Schunk, 2012) In contrast to Skinner Bandura’s social cognitive theory states people learn new actions merely by observing others perform them. Observers did not have to perform the actions at the time of learning. (Schunk, 2012) For example new employees watching their employer demonstrate how to wrap a knife, and ship it. The employee necessarily would not have toRead MoreEssay about Diversity Training1169 Words   |  5 Pagesaddition to a plan for the types of exercises, role-playing, or activities that will maintain participant interest and enhance the learning outcome in the body of the training plan.   The utilization of both Social Learning Theory and Adult Learning Theory will be displayed in this training plan. Provide rationale for the activities and how they relate to the two learning theories. Lastly, I will discuss  how this diversity training can modify employee morale, improve workforce inclusion, and leadRead MoreCompare Contrast Operant Classical Conditioning1642 Words   |  7 PagesLearning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience (Grivas et al, 1999: 318). Conditioning is the acquisition of specific patterns of behaviour in the presence of well-define stimu li (Termpapers, 2003: 01). Learning is the unconscious association between two stimuli which brings about stimulus substitution: Classical Conditioning, CC, Pavlov and the encoding of consequences: Operant Conditioning, OC, Skinner (Grivas et al. 1999: 346-349). This essay will compare and contrastRead MoreThe Study Of Human Learning1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of human learning is an interesting yet complex topic, with three major theories contributing to explaining how and why children develop intellectually. These theories are: Behaviourism, social learning and cognitivism. Each theory is underpinned by its own set of ideals, concepts and influential theorists and the development of these key theories has informed the teaching and learning styles adopted in schools today. The different theories present conflicting explanations that attemptRead MoreBehaviorism or Social Cognitive Learning Theory1429 Words   |  6 Pages Behaviorism and social cognitive theories are two g reat theories to use when setting up a behavior management plan in the classroom. They both offer reinforcements to get desired behaviors. Social cognitive theory focuses on observations that can be used to understand what and how people learn and how they take control of their own behavior (Ormrod, 2011, p. 323). Behaviorism focuses on environmental stimuli that changes individual’s behaviors (Ormrod, 2011, p. 285). Observing and taking careRead MoreSocial Bond And Social Learning Theory1570 Words   |  7 PagesCurrently, social bond and social learning theory are two of the leading theories in the criminological world. Between these two theories there are a variety of differences and similarities. In addition to these theories Gottfredson and Hirschi have published a book where they use the concept of self control to describe crime. Analyzing these three theories can be important to understanding the current criminological world. Social bond theory shows an interesting way to look at the social problemsRead MoreThe Theories Of Behaviorist Theory1116 Words   |  5 Pagesfield of psychology was focused on the study of the mind and consciousness (â€Å"Behaviorism Theory Overview,† n.d.). Watson based much of his theory on Pavlov’s classical conditioning, and as a result believed that nurture was the cause of human differences (â€Å"John B. Watson,† n.d.). The experiment that Watson used to apply Pavlov’ classical conditioning theory to humans was the â€Å"Little Albert† experiment. In this experiment Watson began working with a nine month old infant, observing his responsesRead MoreDtlls Unit 4 - Inclusive Practice1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthe learning of a group of learners Inclusive learning can be described as an integrated form of learning where learners with special needs are thought with those without special needs. According to Nind et al: â€Å"Education and educational provision is shared by both normal’ pupils and those with a disability, at the expense of differences in the specific nature of each child or young person and her/his particular strengths and areas of weakness, and consequences that these differences haveRead MoreSocial Learning Theory On Behavior Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Learning Theory is a perspective from psychology that was developed to understand the importance of observations and direct instructions that influence gender identity. Professor Susan Golombok at the University of Cambridge and psychology professor Robyn Fivush at Emory College of Art and Science defined Social Learning Theory as a way to study behaviors through differential reinforcement and modeling (Golombok and Fivush, 76). For decades, children were taught to follow specific standardsRead MoreThe Psychological Theories Of Alcohol Dependence, Social Learning Theory And Alcohol Expectancy Theory Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesalcohol. Despite its many associated consequences, such as: increased hospital admissions, deaths, road accidents and assaults; alcohol dependence remains a prominent issue in today’s society. But what causes alcohol dependence? This essay will critically discuss and compare two psychological theories of alcohol dependence, social learning theory and alcohol expectancy theory. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Its Application to Alcohol Dependency Social learning theory is the cumulative works of

juveniles and drug abuse Essay Example For Students

juveniles and drug abuse Essay juveniles and drug abuse Essay America Abstract A drug is a substance that modifies one or more of the bodys functions when it is consumed. Therefore, many common foods qualify as drugs. According to this definition, some of our most cherished beverages such as tea, coffee, and cola are drugs. However this paper focuses on drugs that are abused by teenagers. Surveys show that cocaine, marijuana, heroin, and inhalants are the most commonly used drugs among teenagers age thirteen through eighteen. One of the most startling findings from recent data is the degree to which to which teenagers are now involved in drug use. This drug abuse problem has gotten worse. Perhaps our society must hit rock bottom before changes can occur. According to the Michigan Institute for Social research, reported the results of their 1992 and 1993 national survey of nearly fifty thousand American high school students across the country ages thirteen through eighteen. Studies show that a gradual decrease in the use of most illicit drugs by younger people. The peak year for illicit drug use by high school seniors was in 1980. The 1992 and 1993 surveys reported an alarming shift, a modest but statistically significant increase in the use of several drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin, and inhalants. This survey attributes the increase in drug use to students perceived risk or danger in using a particular drug. In 1992, thirteen year-olds were less likely to see cocaine, crack and marijuana as dangerous. But in 1993, there was a significant increase in marijuana use by seventeen and eighteen year olds and a significant increase in marijuana use by thirteen year-old students. Cocaine use by seventeen and eighteen year olds declined in 1992. However there was a significant increase in cocaine use by thirteen year-old students between 1991 and 1992. In 1993, cocaine use increased for all ages thirteen through eighteen. Every teenager has used drugs at least once in their life. The literature review confirmed that teenagers engage in drugs on a daily basis. According to the National Survey on Drug Abuse conducted in 1997 and 1998, more than one-fourth (28.2 perecent) of the youth aged thirteen to eighteen report that marijuana experiences, and about four percent used cocaine, 1.1 percent admits to using heroin, and nine percent used inhalants. These statistics are about the same as the statistics in 1992 and 1993. Youngsters take drugs for many different reasons. The literature review attributes that youngsters engage in drugs because of peer influence and family problems such as a broken home, as well as other important variables such as lack of religious beliefs and just a way of dealing with stress, anger or frustration. Others use drugs because they perceive taking drugs as a new, interesting or exciting experience. Interestingly, existing data show that teenagers because in rural areas use drugs less compared to teenagers that live in urban and suburban areas. Studies show the reason for this is because drugs are not as readily available in rural areas. An analysis on existing data shows that there was a substantial amount of involvement in drugs during the late eighties but not as much involvement today. In fact teenagers today ages thirteen through eighteen drug rate is much higher than those older teenagers. Studies show that drug use among high school seniors continued to downslide in 1992, but still America incoming teenagers today do not seem to be getting the message. These findings are troubling. Therefore, there is a need to approach the drug problem among American future leaders. To address these issues the first step is to increase the awareness and knowledge of this particular age group about the risks of substance abuse to influence them away from drug abuse. Recommendation Report Essay In, doing this, researchers need to continue to increase their understanding of drug use among the youth, its causes, and manifestations. Second, researchers need to explore methods of reaching youngsters during the crucial years when drugs become an alternative. Evaluation findings show that schools, which implemented awareness programs, had few participants in the area to partake in drugs than those schools that did not have awareness programs. The findings also indicated that the target population needs more .

Investigation Brief Essay Example

Investigation Brief Essay Last night Mrs Leaf made two loaves of bread, she left them rising for half an hour and found that one rose a lot more than the other.She used the following: -0.5g yeast10cm3 water0.5g sucrose10g flourInvestigate the fact that the leaves rose to different heights.PLANAIMIn this investigation, I will be trying to find out what makes dough rise at different temperatures compared to my preliminary experiment in which I used only one temperature of 40 degrees. I will also try to make my measurements more accurate by taking more care thus leaving me with more accurate and reliable results.APPARATUSThe apparatus that I will be using for the experiment will be the following:10 test tubes3 beakers1 stirring glass rod1 measuring cylinder3 thermometersStop clockSyringeYeast solutionFlour.The apparatus is similar as used in the preliminary experiment except I will be using more test tubes.I will be using two sets of test tubes at five different temperatures of room temperature, ice, 40 degrees, 60 degrees, and 80 degrees, with the same measurement of mixture.For example: I will use 10ml of yeast to 10grams of flour in each test tube. I will then leave each tube at different temperatures of heated water.I will be testing the best temperature for dough to rise three times at the selected temperature so that I know my results are accurate and to make sure it is a fair test.The experiment consists of using dough. In the experiment I will be making the dough only by using yeast + sugar solution (liquid form) and flour. I will now explain thescience behind this experiment of what makes dough rise:The yeast (a single celled fungus) becomes throthy once mixed with water and sugar. It is then mixed with flour and kneaded, thus enabling the flour to develop enough gluten to support the carbon dioxide made by the yeast. The dough is then left in a warm place for an hour. During this time the yeast cells multiply, this is fermentation. The carbon dioxide gas produced by the yeast for ms pockets that makes the dough rise by doubling its size. This process is called proving. The loaf is then heated in an oven. The heat breaks down the yeast and evaporates the alcohol that is present in the yeast. It then cooks the dough leaving a risen loaf.Changing the temperature (condition) might determine on how fast or slow the dough will rise and how much it will rise in mm compared to its original height before heating.If the temperature of the water is higher then the dough will rise more and faster, if the temperature were lower the results would be the opposite. The temperature effects how fast or slow the dough will rise. I will be trying to find out if this hypothesis is true or not in this experiment.METHODFor the experiment we were given yeast solution and flour. The yeast mixture was made up of 0.5g yeast, 10cm cubed water and 0.5g sucrose. I was to use 10g of flour to put in each of the 12 boiling tubes and 10ml of the yeast mixture to make the test fair.We weighed out the flour to exactly 10.0g on weighing scales and measured out exactly 10 ml of the yeast mixture. Our group mixed the two ingredients in each boiling tube with a glass rod putting the same measurements of yeast and flour in each tube. Then, with a yellow pen we marked on each boiling tube the starting height of the dough in mm before putting them in the water baths, we did this so that we could measure in mm at which height the dough rose. We also put labels showing the temperature of which water bath it was to be put in.We controlled the water baths by putting a fixed temperature on each water bath. As soon as we put two boiling tubes in each water bath we started the stop clock. We used a stop clock to make sure that we did a fair test. We left the dough to rise for 30 minutes in the water baths.As soon as 30 minutes passed we took the boiling tubes out and with the yellow pen marked where the dough had risen. I then, with a ruler measured how much the dough rose in mm and t hen put the results in my results table.Compared with my preliminary experiment, I measured the mixture and flour more accurately and carefully. I did this by putting a mm scale on each of the boiling tubes to give me more accurate results .I also took the boiling tubes out of the water baths after exactly 30 minutes, I checked the times on the stop clock. As I have taken more care in this experiment I expect to have more reliable results, which will tell me if the hypothesis is true, or not.Data AnalysisFor my data presentation I showed a variety of graphs and tables. These included the class results, class average results, my own group results, my groups average results and a line graph showing my groups average results and the class average results. I have also included my preliminary results.I decided to do average results for my group results and the class results in case the class results and mine were not exactly accurate. I showed these results in a line graph. It showed tha t the dough rose at its best at 40 degrees for the class average and my groups average, the result for class average at 40 degrees was 5.6cm and for my group average was 6.8 cm. It showed that after 40 degrees the dough did not rise a lot or not at all. The line on the graph started to decrease after 40 degrees. Before 40 degrees, the line graph shows that the dough is steadily rising but not so high. My group and class average line shows that there was not much difference in the results between the classes and mine. The curve of best fit indicates that the dough slowly rises and reaches its highest height at 40degrees and then slowly stops to rise so high.The results will not all be the same for the class and my group as all the other groups may have not measured the mixtures as accurate or took the boiling tubes out at exactly 30 minutes and nor did our group so it is not surprising when seeing the class results that all results showed different figures. This is shown in my class results table that I drew on A4 paper in the data presentation. It shows that the general pattern was the same of the line graphs that I drew out.I also did a table and graph showing the results for the experiment my group did. It shows the results for the two boiling tubes we put in each water bath in the table and line graph. They both show the dough mixture rose best at 40 degrees. I also drew a curve of best fit to clearly show that the height rises as it gets heated till it reaches its optimum height and show the line decreases as the dough denatures (as explained below).The graphs and tables that I have drawn out, all clearly show that the dough rose at its best at 40 degrees compared to other temperatures and their results. This shows that temperature affects the way dough rises, whither it rises at all or rises quickly at high height. But why does temperature affect in which the dough rises? It is because when we raise the temperature the particles get more energy and move a round more faster therefore leading to more collisions in a certain amount of time. The more collisions produce a reaction; in this case the reaction is making the dough rise. However the enzymes (a large protein molecule which acts as a biological catalyst) start to break down when the temperature gets too high as they stop working.This is because when the enzymes get too hot it changes shape. This then means that the substrate (glucose) no longer fits into the enzymes active site. It is said that enzyme has denatured. It is when the yeast no longer consumes the glucose to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide, a process called fermentation. You can see in the graph that the line rises up to 40 degrees as it is heating up until it reaches it optimum height and temperature when the enzymes work at its best. The line then starts to go down which shows that the enzymes have started to denature so the dough does not rise any higher in height than the optimum height.The diagram below shows the enzyme and substrate before it gets denatured, and another diagram showing the enzyme and substrate denatured:EvaluationI think that for this investigation, there was a good range of temperatures as we got good results that enabled me to work through this investigation and to find out at which temperature the dough rose best. I think that doing two repeats for each water bath helped in enabling me to do average results and to see whither my results were reliable by comparing the two results with each other.However there were a few problems in doing the experiment but did not reflect the results and analysing them dramatically. The first problem that I encountered was stirring the mixture. This was because after stirring the glass rod picked up some of the dough mixture so there was not exactly 10ml of yeast mixture and 10g of flour in each boiling tube. Secondly there was the problem in measuring the exact height of the dough when using the yellow pen, as it was hard to see thr ough the dough. Thirdly the timing was not always exact because at times we left for over 30 minutes but only slightly e.g. we left for an extra 20-30 seconds or a minute accidentally. This could have a slight effect on the results because within that 20-30 second period the dough could have rose a little bit more than it would have been at exactly 30 minutes.Those were the only problems that I encountered with in the experiment. My data does not show any errors. I know this as looking at the class average and my average on the line graph, it shows that the results are similar and there are no points that go out of proportion. However in the class results table there was one group the had negative results meaning that the height of the dough decreased after it was heated at the temperatures of 20 degrees and 80 degrees. The group had probably made mistakes in doing the experiment so thats why the results were negative compared to the other groups results.If I were to do this experim ent again I would improve on the mistakes that I have just mentioned and I would do 3trys instead of 2trys so that I am sure of my results and therefore would no that they are reliable. I would also try different temperature of maybe 30 degrees or/and 50 degrees as both degrees are in between the optimum temperature of 40 degrees so either might also be the optimum height and temperature for dough.

Complete Strategies Common App Essay Prompts (2018-19)

Complete Strategies Common App Essay Prompts (2018-19) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re applying to more than one or two colleges, there's a good chance you'llhave to use the Common Application, and that means you’ll probably have to write a Common App essay. In this guide, I’ll cover everything you need to know about the essay. I'll break down every single Common App essay prompt by covering: What is the question asking? What do college admissions officers want to hear from you? What topics can you write about effectively? What should you avoid at all costs? This will be your complete starting guide for Common App essays. At the end of reading this, you should have a lot of ideas for your own essays and directions to write a really strong personal statement. Basic Info on the Common App Essay Before we dig into the nitty gritty of the individual prompts, let's quickly go over the logistics of the Common App essay and some general tips to keep in mind. Most - but Not All - Schools Require the Essay Although not every school in the US requires an essay as part of their application, the Common Application has traditionally required you to submit a blanket personal statement. That policy changed recently, and the essay is now optionalfor some schools. However, this policy has beenadopted by only a handful ofschools, including DePaul University, Georgia State University, Hampshire College, Old Dominion University, The New School, and the University of Idaho. Some of themrequire an additional writing supplement instead. If you’re applying to more than one or two schools on the Common App, you'll almost certainlyneed to write a response to the Common App prompts. As such, I would recommend sending your essay to schools even if they don't explicitly require it. You’re writing it anyways and it’s the bestway for the school to get to know you as a person. It's also worth noting that because of the way this system is set up, you could theoretically send a different essay to each school. However, doing so isn't a good use of your time: if schools want to know something more specific about you they’ll require a supplement. Focus on writing a single great personal statement. Pay Attention to the Word Limit The exact word limit for the Common App essay has varied somewhat over the years, butthe current range is 250-650 words. You must stay within this length; in fact, the online application won't allow you to submit fewer than 250 words or more than 650. Some schools will state that if this isn't enough space, you can send them a physical copy of your essay. Don't do this. No matter how tempting it may be, stick to the word limit. Otherwise, you risk seeming self-indulgent. In general, I would recommend shooting for an essay between 500 and 650 words long. You want to have enough space to really explore one specific idea, but you don't need to includeeverything. Editing is an important part of the essay writing process. The word limit is like this barbed wire- you shouldn't cross it, no matter how tempted you are. Don't Stress Too Much About the Question As you'll see, the Common App prompts areverygeneral and leave a lot of room for interpretation. Moreover, colleges interpret the questions generously - they're more concerned with learning something interesting about you than with whether your topic fits the question perfectly. Per a Common App survey, 85% of member schools "feel the prompts should be left open to broad interpretation." You can write about almost anything and make it work, so if you have an idea, don’t let the fact that it doesn’t fit neatlyinto one of these categories stop you. Treat these breakdowns as jumping off points to help you start brainstorming, not the final word in how you need to approach the essay. Make Sure You Look at This Year's Prompts The Common App change to the prompts fairly frequently, so make sure you're familiar with the most up-to-date versions of the Common App essay questions. If you have friends or siblings who applied in past years,don't assume that you can take the exact same approach they did. This guide will go over the details of all seven current prompts, but first let's talk about some overalladvice. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now: 4 Tips For Finding Your Best Essay Topic As you're brainstorming and preparing to write your essay, you'll want to keep these tips in mind. You'll have to search for the best topic, just like this bird is searching for food. Make ItPersonal The point of a personal statement is to, well, make a personal statement, that is to say, tell the reader something about yourself. As such, your topic needs to be something meaningful to you. What does it mean for a topic to be "meaningful to you"? First, it means that you genuinely care about the topic and want to write your college essay on it - no one ever wrote a great essay on a topic that they felt they had to write about. Second, it means that the topic shows off a quality or trait you want to highlight for the admissions committee.For example, say I wanted to write about my summer job with the Parks Department. It's not enough to simply tell astory about my feud with a raccoon that kept destroying all the progress I made repairing a bench; I would need to make it clear what that experienceshows about my character (perseverance) and explain what ittaught me (that there are some things in life you simply can't control). Remember that the most important thing is that your essay is about you. This advice maysound obvious, but when you're used to writing academic essays it can be tricky to dive deep into your own perspective. Take Your Time Give yourself plenty of time to brainstorm and write, so you don't feel rushed into jotting something down about the first thing you can come up with and sending it right off. I recommend starting the writing process 2 monthsin advance of your first deadline. On a similar note, you shouldtake theessay seriously: it's an important part of your application and worth investing the time in to get right. If you just dash something off thoughtlessly, admissions officers will recognize that and consider it evidence that you aren't really interested in their school. Avoid Repetition Your essay should illustrate something about youbeyondwhat'sin the rest of your application. Try to write about a topic you haven't talked about elsewhere, or take a different angle on it. A college essay is not a resume - it's the best opportunity to show off your unique personality to admissions committees. Pick your topic accordingly. Get Specific The best topics are usually the narrowest ones: essays focused on a single interaction, a single phrase, or a single object. The more specific you can get, the more unique your topic will be to you. Lots of people have tried out for a school play, for example, but each had their own particular experience of doing so. One student saw trying out for the role of Hamlet as the culmination of many years of study and hard work and was devastatednot to get it, while another was simply proud to have overcome her nerves enough to try out for the chorus line inWest Side Story. These would make very different essays, even though they'reon basically the same topic. Another benefit of a specific topic is that it makescoming up with supporting details much easier. Specific, sensory detailsmake the reader feel like they're seeing the experience through your eyes, giving them a better sense of who you are. Take a look at this example sentence. General: I was nervous as I waited for my turn to audition. Specific: As I waited for my name to be called, I tapped the rhythm of "America" on the hard plastic chair, going through the beats of my audition song over and over in my head. The firstversion could be written by almost anyone; the second version has a specific perspective- it's also intriguing and makes you want to know more. The more specific your essay topic is, the more clearly your unique voice will come through and the more engaging your essay will be. Breaking Down the Common App Essay Prompts Now that we've established the basic ideas you need to keep in mind as you brainstorm, let's go through the Common App essay questions one at a time and break down what admissions committees are looking for in responses. Keep in mind that for each of these questions, there are really two parts.The first is describingsomething you did, or something that happened to you. The second is explaining what that event, action, or activity means to you. No essay is complete without addressingboth of sides of the topic. Prompt 1:A Key Piece of Your Story Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. What Is It Asking? This prompt is very broad. Is there something you do or love, or something that happened to you, that isn’t reflected elsewhere in your application but that you feel isvital to your personal story? Then this prompt could be a good one for you. The key is that whatever you write about needs to be genuinely important to you personally, not just something you think will look good to the admissions committee. You need to clarify why this story is so importantthat you couldn't leave it out of your application. What Do They Want to Know? This question is really about showing admissions officers how your background has shaped you. Can you learn and grow from your experiences? By identifyingan experience or trait that is vital to your story, you're also showingwhatkind of person you see yourself as - do you valueyour leadership abilities or your determination to overcome challenges? Your intellectual curiosityor your artistic talent? Everyone has more than one important trait, but in answering this prompt, you're telling admissions officers what you think is your most significant quality. What Kind of Topics Could Work? You could write about almost anything for this prompt:an unexpected interest, a particularly consuming hobby, a part of your family history, or a life-changing event. Make sure to narrow in on something specific, though. You don't have room to tell your whole life story. Your topiccan be serious or silly, as long as it's important to you. Just remember that itneeds to showcase a deeper quality of yours. For example, if I were writing an essay on this topic, I wouldprobably write about my life-long obsession with books. I'd start with a story about how my parents worried I read too much as a kid, give some specific examples of things I've learned from particular books, and talk about how my enthusiasm for readingwas so extreme it sometimes interfered with my actual life (like the time I tripped and fell because I couldn't be bothered to put down my book long enough to walk from my room to the kitchen). Then I would tie it all together by explaining how my love of reading has taught me to look for ideas in unexpected places. What Should You Avoid? You don't want your essay to read like a resume: itshouldn't be a list of accomplishments. Remember that your essay needs to add somethingto the rest of your application, so it also shouldn't focus on something you've already covered unless you have a really differenttake on it. Also try to avoid generic and broad topics: you don't want your essay to feel like it could've been written by any student. As I touched on above, one way to avoid this problem is to be very specific - rather than writing generally about your experience as the child of immigrants you might tell a storyabout a specific family ritual or meaningful moment. Prompt 2:Coping WithObstacles The lessons we take from obstacles we encountercan be fundamental to later success. Recount an incident or time when you faced a challenge, setback, orfailure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience? What Is It Asking? This prompt is pretty straightforward. It's asking you describe a challenge or obstacle you faced or a time you failed and how you dealt with it. The part many students forget is the second half: what lessons did you learn from your challenge or failure? If you take on this question youmust show how you grew from the experience and, ideally, how you incorporated what you learned into other endeavors. What Do They Want to Know? This question really raises two issues: how you handle difficultsituations and whether you are capable of learning from your mistakes. You'll face a lot of challenges in college, both academic and social. In addressingthis prompt, you have the opportunity toshow admissions officers that you can deal with hardships without just giving up. You also need to show that you can learnfrom challenges andmistakes. Can you find a positive lesson in a negative experience? Colleges want to see an example of how you've done so. What Kind of Topics Could Work? Good topics will be specific and have a clearly explained impacton your perspective. You need to address both parts of the question: the experience of facing the challengeandwhat you learnedfrom it. However, almost any kind of obstacle, challenge, or failure, large orsmall, can work: Doing poorly at a job interview and how that taught you to deal with nerves Failing a class and how retaking it taught you better study skills Directing a school play when the set collapsed and how it taught you to stay cool under pressure and think on your feet What Should You Avoid? Make sure you pick an actual failure or challenge - don't turn your essay into a humblebrag. How you failed at procrastination because you're justso organized or how you've been challenged by the high expectations of teachers at school because everyone knows you are sosmartare not appropriate topics. Also, don't write about something completely negative. Your response needs to show that you got something out of your challenge or failure and that you've learned skills to apply to other situations. Spilling your coffee is not an appropriate failure, no matter how disastrous it may feel. Prompt 3: Challenging a Belief Reflect on a time when you questioneda belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome? What Is It Asking? There are two ways to approach this question. The first is to talk about a time you questioneda person or groupon an idea of theirs. The second is to talk abouta time that something caused you to reconsider a belief of your own. In either case, you need to explain why you decided the belief should be challenged, what you actually did- if your story is just that someone gave you a new piece of information and you changed your mind, you should probably find a different topic - and how you feel about your actions in hindsight. What Do They Want to Know? The obvious question this prompt raises is what your values are and whether you're willing to stand up for what you believe. Whether you've reconsidered your own beliefs or asked others to reconsider theirs, it shows you've put genuine thought into what you value and why. However, colleges also want to see that you're open-mindedand able to be fair and kind towards those who have different beliefs than you do. Can you question someone else beliefs without belittling them? If not, don't write about this question. What Kind of Topics Could Work? This prompt is really one where you either have a relevant story or you don't. If there's a belief or idea that's particularly important to you, whether political or personal, this might be a good question for you to address. What Should You Avoid? The main pitfall with thisquestion is that lends itself to very abstract answers. It's not very interesting to read about how you used to believe chocolate isthe best ice cream flavor but then you changed your mind and decided the best flavor is actually strawberry. (Seriously, though, what is wrong with you!?) Make sure there's clear conflict and action in your essay. Divisive politicalissues, like abortion and gun rights, are tricky to write about (although not impossible) because people feel very strongly about them and often have a hard time accepting the opposite viewpoint. In general, I would avoid these kinds of topics unless you have a very compelling story. Also keep in mind that most people who work at colleges are liberal, so if you have a conservativeviewpoint you'll need to tread more carefully. Regardless of what you're writing about, don't assume the reader shares your views. You also want to avoid coming off as petty or inflexible, especially if you're writing about a controversial topic. It's great to have strong beliefs, but you also want to show that you're open to listening to other people's perspectives, even if they don't change your mind. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now: Prompt 4:Solving a Problem Describe a problem you’ve solved or a problem you’d like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma-anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution. What Is It Asking? The first part is very straightforward: how have you or would you solve a problem? However, you also need to "explain its significance to you." In other words, whythis problem? What Do They Want to Know? This prompt helps admissions officerssee both what you care about and how you solve problems. Even if you pick something seemingly minor to talk about, like fixing a dishwasher on your own, explaining why you wanted to do it yourself (maybe because you like knowing how things work) and how you did so (maybe by asking other people for advice of maybe by looking up videos on YouTube) will show admissions officers a lot about what you value and how you think. Answering this questionis also an opportunity for you to show the maturity and perseverance you'll need to face the challenges of college. You will face inevitably face problems, both academic and personal, in these four years, and admissions officers want to see that you're capable of taking them on. What Kind of Topics Could Work? Any kind of problem (â€Å"no matter the scale†) is fine- it just has to be important to you. Like number 3, it will be easier if you can focus inon a specific event or occurrence. You can write about something funny, likehow you figured out how to care for your pet hedgehog, or something more serious, like how you resolved a family conflict. Writing abouta problem you want to solve, rather than one you've already found a solution to, is much harder because it's more abstract. You certainly can do it, however; just make sure to have a compelling and concrete explanation for why this problem is important to you and how you came upon the solution you're proposing. For example, say a student, Tommy,wanted to solve the problem of homelessness. First of all, because this is a very big problemthat no one person or solution is going to fix, hewould need to describe specifically what problem within thelarger issue hewants to address. Then, in writing his essay, he might focus on telling a story about how a man he met while volunteering in a homeless shelter inspired his idea to hire men and women living in shelters to work as liaisons in public spaces like libraries and parks to help homeless people get access to the services they need. What Should You Avoid? Avoid anything sweeping or general: for example, "How I plan to solve world hunger" is probably not going work. As I mentioned above, you want to stick to concrete ideas and solutions that clearly relate to your own experiences. Simply writing down some of your ideas, no matter how great they are, isn't going to make for a very interesting essay. Look at those dummies, solving a problem! Prompt 5: Personal Growth and Maturity Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others. What Is It Asking? Like prompt 1, this one is very general. It's asking you to talk about something you did or something that happenedthat caused you to grow or mature as a person. The other key point to remember when addressingthis question is that you need to explain how this event changed or enriched your understanding of yourself or other people. What Do They Want to Know? In short: when and how have you grown as a person?Personal growth and maturity are complicated issues. You essay may touch on themes like personal responsibility and your role in the world and your community. You don't have to explain your whole worldview, but you need to give readers a sense of why this particular event caused significant growth for you as a person. This prompt can also help you show either a) your own sense of self-concept or b) how you relate to others. What Kind of Topics Could Work? Much like prompt 3, this question likely either appeals to you or doesn't. Nonetheless, here are some potential topics: A time you had to step up in your household A common milestone (like voting for the first time or getting your driver's license) that was particularly meaningful to you A big change in your life, like becoming an older sibling or moving to a new place It's important that your topic describesa transition that lead toreal positive growth or change in you as a person. However, personal growth is a gradual process, and you can definitely still approach this topic if you feel like you have more maturing to do. (Fun fact: most adults feel like they have more maturing to do, too!) Just focus in on a specific step in the process of growing upand explain what it meant to you and how you've changed. What Should You Avoid? Almost any topic could theoretically make a good essay about personal growth, but it's important that the overall message conveys maturity. If the main point of your essay about junior prom is that you learned that you look bad in purple and now you know not to wear it, you will seem like you just haven't had a lot of meaningful growth experiences in your life. You also want the personal growth and new understanding(s) you describe in your essay to be positive in nature. If the conclusion of your essay is "and that's how I matured and realized that everyone in the world is terrible," that's not going to play very well with admissions committees as you'll seem pessimistic and unable to cope with challenges. Prompt 6: Your Passion Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more? What Is It Asking? This prompt is asking you todescribe something that you're intellectually passionate about.Butin addition to describing a topic of personal fascination and why you're so interested in it, you also need to detail how you have pursued furthering your own knowledge of the topic.Did you undertake extra study? Hole yourself up in the library? Ask your math team coach for more practice problems? What Do They Want to Know? Colleges want to admit students who are intellectually engaged with the world. They want you to show that you have a genuine love for the pursuit of knowledge. Additionally, by describing how you've learned more about your chosen topic, concept, or idea, you show that you areself-motivatedand resourceful. What Kind of Topics Could Work? Pretty much any topic you are really interested in and passionate about could make a good essay here, just so long as you can put can a) put an intellectual spin on it and b) demonstrate that you've gone out of your way to learn about the topic. SoIt's fine to say that the topic that engages you most is football, but talk about what interests you in an academic sense about the sport. Have you learned everything there is to know about the history of the sport? Are you an expert on football statistics? Emphasize how the topic you are writing about engages your brain. What Should You Avoid? Don't pick something you don't actually care about just because you think it would sound good. If you say you love black holes but you actually hate them and you tortured yourself with astronomy books in the library for a weekend toglean enough knowledge to write your essay, your lack of enthusiasm will come through. Prompt 7: Your Choice Share an essay on any topic of your choice. It can be one you've already written, one that responds to a different prompt, or one of your own design. What Is It Asking? You can write about anything for this one! What Do They Want to Know? Since this is a choose-your-own-adventure prompt, colleges aren't looking for anything specific to this prompt. However, you'll want to demonstrate some of the same qualities that colleges are looking for in all college essays: things like academic passion, maturity, resourcefulness, and persistence. What are your values? How do you face setbacks? These are all things you can consider touching on in your essay. What Kind of Topics Could Work? If you already have a topic in mind for this one that doesn't really fit with any of the other prompts, go for it! What Should You Avoid? Avoid essays that aren't really about you as a person. So no submitting your rhetorical close-reading of the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn" you wrote for A.P. English! However, if you want to write about the way that "Ode on a Grecian Urn" made you reconsider your entire approach to life, go ahead! Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. 5Key Takeaways About the Common AppEssay Questions We've covered a lot of ground, but don't panic. I've collected the main ideas you should keep in mind as you plan your Common App essay below. Neatly packaged takeaways. (Henry Faber/Flickr) A Topic for Prompt 1 MustBe Something Beyond What’s in the Rest of Your Application For prompt 1, it's absolutely vital that your topicbe something genuinely meaningful to you. Don’t write about something just because you think it’s impressive. Big achievements andleadership roles, likeserving as captain of a team or winning a journalism award, can certainly be used as topics, but only if you can explain why they mattered to you beyond that it was cool to be in charge or that you liked winning. It's better if you can pick out something smaller and more individual, like helping your team rally after a particularly rough loss or laboring over a specific articleto make sure you get every detail right. Prompts 2, 4, and 6 Are Generally the Simplest Options Most students have an experience or interest that will work for either prompt 2, prompt 4, or prompt 6. If you’re uncertain what you want to write about, think about challenges you've faced, aproblem you solved or want to solve, or your major intellectual passions. These prompts are slightly easier to approachthan the others because they lend themselves to very specific and concrete topics that show clear growth. Describinga failure and what you learnedfrom it is much simpler than trying to clarify why an event is a vital part of your identity. Prompts 3 and 5 Can Be Trickier, but That Doesn’t Mean You Shouldn’t Write About Them These questionsask about specific types of experiences that not every high school student has had. If they don't speak to you, don't feel compelled to write about them. If you do want to take on prompt 3 or 5, however, remember to clearly explain your perspective to the reader, even if it seems obvious to you. For prompt 3, you have to establish not just whatyou believe but why you believe it and why that belief matters to you. For prompt 5, you need to clarify how you moved from childhood to adulthood and what that means to both you and others. These prompts elicit some of the most personal responses, which can make forgreat essays but also feel too revealing to many students. Trust your instincts and don’t pick a topic you’re not comfortable writing about, but don't hesitate to take on a difficult or controversial topic if you're excited about it and think you can treat it with the necessary nuance. Make Sure to Explain What Your Experience Taught You I've tried to emphasize this idea throughout this guide: it's not enough to simply describewhat you did, you have to explain what it meant to you. Pushing past the surface level while avoiding cliches and generalizations is a big challenge, but it's also what will make your essay stand out. Make sure you know what personal quality you want to emphasize before you start and keep it in mind as you write.Try to avoid boring generalizations in favor of more specific and personal insights. Bad: Solving a Rubik'scube for the first time taught me a lot. Better:Solving a Rubik'scube for the first timetaught me that I love puzzles andmade me wonder what other problems I could solve. Best: When I finally twisted the last piece of the Rubik'scube into place after months ofwork, I was almost disappointed. I'd solved the puzzle; what would I do now? But then I started to wonder ifI could use what I'd learned to do the whole thingfaster. Upon solving oneproblem, I had immediately moved onto the next one, as I do with most things in life. Then, as you go back throughyour essayto edit, every step of the wayask yourself, "so what?" Why does the reader need to know this? What does it show about me? How can I go one step deeper? Don't Worry About What You Think You're Supposed to Write There is no single right answer to these prompts, and if you tryto find one you'll end up doing yourself a disservice. What's important is to tell your story - and no one can tell you what that means because it's unique to you. Many students believe that they should write about resume-padding activities that look especially impressive, like volunteering abroad. These essays are often boring and derivative because the writer doesn't really have anything to say on the topic and assumes that it will speak for itself. But the point of a personal statement isn't to explain what you've done, it's to show who you are. Take the time to brainstorm and figure outwhat you want to show colleges about yourself and what story or interest best exemplifies that quality. What's Next? For more background on college essaysand tips for crafting a great one, check out our complete explanation ofthe basics of the personal statement. Make sure you're prepared for the rest of the college application process as well, with our guides to asking for recommendations, writing about extracurriculars, taking the SAT, and researching colleges. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Assessment of the environmental impact of Electric Vehicles Essay

Assessment of the environmental impact of Electric Vehicles - Essay Example Source: Shim et al, 2009, Electric car-Tesla Roadstar Structure and Layout of the two vehicle systems In an electric engine the numbers of components is fewer in number and are simpler in configuration. If one were to trace back the line of components starting from the tyres, the wheel axle connected to the tyres is driven by a motor. Similar to controlling speeds by regulating the quantity of fuel, the accelerator controls the voltage input into the motor which thereby controls the speed of the vehicle. The whole setup is powered by a battery and which can be charged from an external power source by simply plugging on to it. (Markel Tony, 2007) Compared to the IC engine which had power sources taken from the same shaft drive it is essential that power for operating the air conditioner and water pump are taken from individual separate motors. The battery should be connected to the motor using a controller so that large starting torques is avoided. (Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle s, 2010) This can also bring a certain amount of automation in the working of the motor in regulating speed and bringing forth forward or backward motion. It also protects the motors from being subjected to high loads. A number of batteries are arranged in two slots and must be capable of generating 300V DC. (Basic Electric Car Engine Overview, 1999) The Internal combustion on the other hand has a number of components that are required for its efficient working. A four stroke combustion cycle in an Internal Combustion engine follows the Otto Cycle. (Basic Electric Car Engine Overview, 1999) The combustion and the power thus generated takes place in an enclosed space. This cycle has four strokes which namely are 1. Intake stroke- As the piston contained in the engine begins its downward stroke, the inlet valve opens admitting fresh air that has been mixed with gasoline in a certain ratio, into the system. 2. Compression- The cylinder moves up and compresses the air thereby increasing both its density and temperature. 3. Combustion – A spark plug located at the top introduces a spark into this charged mixture. The leads to the downward motion of the piston creating the power stroke. 4. Exhaust- The piston moves back upward thereby expelling the burnt gases outside providing space for fresh intake. Electric vehicles and aerodynamics It is true that the number of components of an electric car is lower than a traditional car and the profile of the electric car can be readily modified to increase its aerodynamic efficiency. However a point of concern is the weight of the batteries that would otherwise increase drag and lower aerodynamic efficiency. By installing an effective nose grille at the front of the car, the air that remains stagnated in the frontal region of the car around the motor and gearbox is rerouted to flow past these areas and thereby reduce drag. The La Chevrolet Malibu has shutters in the lower grille region that are controlled electronicall y and automatically. (Industry, Research and Energy, 2010) As the speed of the vehicle increases the shutters close to allow the air at high speeds to flow past the vehicle. This reduces drag and also gives an impetus to the aerodynamic quality of the vehicle. Fuel efficiency is also increased. (Markel Tony, 2007) In the Honda Civic which has a Hybrid variant has aerodynamic hubcaps that are fixed to the rear end spoilers. This has lead to a reduction of aerodynamic drag from 0.3 to 0.27. The overall effect of

Explain the Significance of the Four Marks of the Church - One, Holy, Essay

Explain the Significance of the Four Marks of the Church - One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic - Essay Example Through the guidance of the Holy Spirit, the Church has continued to fulfill the marks, and only faith can recognize that the Church received these manifestations from God. The â€Å"One† mark of the Church shows that the Church of the apostles was one. Paul wrote that there is only one body and spirit in (Eph. 4:4-5), and he linked the unity to the Church’s common Eucharistic bread in (1 Cor. 10:17). The Bible says that the Church is the bride of Christ (Eph. 5:23-32) and has only one source. Jesus also promised from the outset in (John 10:16) that there would be one flock, and one shepherd. The Catechism also notes that the Church is one with three reasons namely; first, source of the Church is Holy Trinity, which is a the great unity of three heavenly persons; Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit; the second being the founder of the Church, Jesus Christ, who came to reunite through the blood in the cross for all mankind; and the third, â€Å"soul,† the Holy Spirit that is in the souls of the faithful, unites all the faithful into one communion of believers, and guides the Church. The â€Å"oneness† of the Church is visible in Catholics who are united in their Creed and other teachings, the sacramental celebrations, and the hierarchical arrangement that are based on the apostolic succession that are handed and preserved through the Sacrament of Holy Orders (Brian 2008). The Body of Christ Himself is the Church, and so is whole one, and one as Christ’s Body is whole one. The Church of Christ teaches only one set of doctrines that are taught by the apostles (Jude 3). The unity in the belief in which the Scripture calls all to adhere to (Phil. 1:27, 2:2). The Christian Church is united in faith, worship, and succession from the apostles themselves. The unity manifestation is hard to clutch today with centuries of old divisions and the existence of many Christian denominations spread across the world. Mass is conducted in the same w ay all over the world in terms of prayers, readings, structure, and everything except in difference of language by Catholics who have the same belief, and are offered by a priest who is united by his bishop who is united by the holy Father, the pope. Although, some dissent from official doctrines, the Church understands them (John 16:12-13) and it does not misunderstand them to mean contrary to want they meant before. Diversity is found in the oneness, in that the faithful has different vocations and different gifts, although they work together to continue with the mission of the Lord. The different cultures and traditions enrich the Church in their expressions of faith. Charity must saturate through the Church, for members to continue being together in unity. Example of the Catechism of the Catholic Church states that; The Church is one that recognizes one Lord, which confesses one faith, the Church born of one Baptism; it forms only one Body, given life by one Spirit, for the sake of one hope, at whose fulfillment all divisions will be overcome. Churches of all denominations have continued to emphasize the fundamental unity showing that there is only one faith, one Lord and One God. â€Å"Holy† as a mark of Church signifies the Church of the apostles as the Lord Himself as the source of all holiness. This shows that all things that the church has from the all-holy God himself and everything are holy. However,

Debut albums - Life Essay Example for Free

Debut albums Life Essay This is a phrase, a philosophy phrase that is about living, daily living. But what do you think it really means or should we say what is the hidden meaning about it? Why just living is not enough? Living is not enough because we need to experience all the things we can. Simple as to explore the world or the things that was given to us by our beloved GOD. We need to experience all good, better and best, bad, worse and worst. From worst to best to know what the word LIFE truly means. It also doesnt mean we need to do crimes in order to experience bad things, its just like problems, wounds and etc. We and I consider it as bad things because I dont like any of that happen to me. Just living is not enough†¦. We need to explore and find the true meaning of life. He who hesitates is probably right. This is a philosophy that we can use daily, why? Because this is about decision making. And we always make decision in every aspect of our life. As a student I can relate in this because of our recitations in school. We always hesitate before we raise our hands to answer. We will suddenly know that our or my answer is right because someone answers it. And its too late to get the credit. The philosophy above is trying to teach or to tell us that if we have ideas, share it, tell it, explain it because we will never know if our ideas is right if we dont try it. Not only for students but all individuals around the globe. Human life is purely a matter of deciding whats important to you. This Philosophy is saying human life always choose whats important to you. But why? All individuals are different from each other, different tastes, likes, dislikes and many more. But we all have similarities, we always choose whats important to us in every problem that comes in our life. For some instances, family problems like marriage and your family doesn’t want your fiance or fiancee, you will decide whats MORE important to you your family or your love one? If you choose your family, then go and its also the same if you choose your love one. I understand in this philosophy that this our instict that we always choose whats important to us but it never assures us that what is important will be the best for us. Only friends can answer your calls everytime of day that matter. This is a simple philosophy that is about friendship. If we first read it, we will quickly understand what it means. But what do we understand? We all know we have many friends in our life, friends in school, friends in the neighborhood and many more. We also know not all friends are real, just like this saying says Some friends are gold and some friends are silver. The philosophy above is trying to tell us that only TRUE and REAL friends can answer your calls no matter what your problem is. The friends that are there for you no matter what. No matter what time of day it is, you could call them and theyd be there for you. And its true, they are the ones that matter. The people who you can really rely on to be there for you are the ones that should matter in your life.

Essay --

Personal Statement My commitment and motivation to pursue master’s in Marriage and Family Therapy is based on the extensive experiences that I have gained in human services in the past 2 years. Since long I have always held the belief that the application of psychological principles has the power to positively impact society. And I especially believe in its power to help children cope with the stresses and events of everyday life. My own life is a testament to this belief. I have been interested in how behavior and thought processes affect lives. When I was fifteen, the demise of my father due to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) triggered a myriad of questions about this disorder in my mind. And this led me to take a class in psychology in high school, where I was oriented with psychological disorders. I successfully completed my high school with an aggregate of 81%. Keeping with the incipient interest, I had opted for a Bachelors Degree in Applied Psychology at Delhi University. Over a span of three years, this course which was based on rigorous pedagogue exposed me to various aspects of psychology, which included general psychology, statistics, research methods, and clinical psychology to name a few. I have always been a consistent performer right from my school days. This is evident from my under graduation which ultimately lauded me first class degree with 66% (GPA-3.61), standing among the top three out of forty talented students in my course group . The charm of extending the frontiers of knowledge in rapidly growing field of psychology had induced in me an interest to pursue higher studies. To satiate this curiosity and to embark upon a rewarding career in this field, I considered going for post graduate study in Applied Psy... ...ocial functioning of vulnerable populations such as minorities and deprived children and families. Along with counseling and offering supportive services, I would also like to implement various enabling workshops, which will help equip disadvantaged individuals with better skills and develop positive self-esteem and self-responsibilities. I believe graduate work in marriage and family therapy from La Salle University will better train me for the challenges I will be facing in my country. As a student and future professional, I am determined by an ethical obligation to endeavor for excellence in my educational deeds. I look forward to the challenge of developing my past and future learning experiences in an application-based environment. Throughout my college and work experiences, I have developed the discipline necessary to achieve the requirements of this program.

Biology 12 Notes

The Excretory System †¢Main functions of the excretory system are: oto concentrate wastes and expel them from the body oto regulate fluids and water within the body †¢Most metabolic wastes and toxins are dissolved in the body’s internal environment, so the maintenance of the body fluids is essential for keeping the body free of waste products enabling it to function properly. Excretion in Invertebrates and Non-mammaliam Vertebrates Single celled organisms and simple multicellular organisms produce the same metabolic wastes and toxic compounds as more complex organism †¢However wastes are excreted directly from their cells since they have constant contact with the external environment. †¢The greater challenge for simple organisms is maintaining a fluid balance with their external environment †¢An example is paramecium: If they are not able to maintain a fluid balance they would continuously absorb water from the environment and eventually burst oTo expe l excess water, these protozoans have contractile vacuoles, which pump out water to maintain osmotic balance †¢More complex organisms face different challenges †¢Some invertebrates such as earthworms have excretory organs called matanephridia that expel wastes from the body. oA fluid that serves as both interstitial fluid and bood known as hemolymph flows into a pair of metanphridia. oIons and wastes are reabsorbed from the hemolymph and secreted with water into a saclike organ called the bladder.General Biology Ii Study Guide (Online Class)From there, the excess water and waste products are secreted to the external environment through a poke in the side of the worm’s body. †¢Insects like grasshoppers excrete wastes uses a set of organs called malpighian tubules. oThe closed end of the organs are surrounded with hemolymph while open ends empty into intestines. oSubstances, such as uric acid, and potassium and sodium ions are secreted into the tubules. oWhen con centration of the substances increases, water movies osmotically from the hemolymph into the tubule to orm a dilute waste solution and then it travels to the intestine of the insect where the cells reabsorb most of the K+ and Na+ back into hemolymph oWater moves back and forth using osmosis. oUric acid is left behind and forms crystals and is then expelled †¢Terrestrial reptiles and most birds conserve water by excreting nitrogenous wastes in the form of an almost water free paste of uric acid crystals. oIt’s excreted into the cloaca (end of the digestive system) and removed from the body along with the digestive wastes oThe white substance in bird droppings is uric acid while the darker substance is feces. Those that live in or around salt water take in large quantities of salt and rarely drink fresh water therefore they excrete excess salt through specialized salt glands in the head. oSalt glands remove salts from the blood using active transport. oSalt is secreted to the environment as a water solution oThe concentration of this is two to three times more than that in the body fluids. oSecretion exits through the nostril of birds and lizards and as salty tears from sea turtles and crocodilians. The Human Excretory System All vertebrates used specialized tubules called nephrons to regulate water balance in the body and conduct excretion. †¢They are located in the kidneys which are the major organs of excretory. †¢The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra together make up the human excretory system. Kidneys †¢Play a critical role in oRemoving wastes oBalancing blood pH oMaintaining the body’s water balance †¢Mammals have two kidneys on each side of the vertebrate column †¢Human kidneys: o150g oreceives 25% of cardiac output (1. 25 L/min. ) †¢Blood is supplied through renal artery. â€Å"Renal† refers to the kidneys †¢Kidney filters the wastes from the blood and clean blood exits the kidney thro ugh the renal veins. †¢Outer layer of the kidney is called the renal cortex †¢Inner layer is called the renal medulla †¢A hollow cavity called the renal pelvis, connects the kidney to the ureter through which the urine passes to the urinary bladder. †¢Once the bladder is full, (300 to 400 mL of urine) the urine exits through the urethra Nephrons †¢Each kidney contains about 1 000 000 nephrons †¢They are the functional unit of a kidney Nephrons are differentiated into regions to perform a serioes of steps †¢One end is the bowman’s capsule which is a small folded structure that encircles a group of blood capillaries, the glomerulus in the cortex †¢The glomerulus performs the first step of filtration of blood to form urine †¢Blood is supplied to the glomerulus by the afferent arteriole and then after being filtered it exits via efferent arteriole and then called into net capillaries called the peritubular capillaries. †¢They carr y the urine and allow for reabsorption of essential ions and minerals back into bloodstream. First Steps of Filtration Components of unfiltered blood pass from glomerulus into the bowman’s capsule and enter a proximal convoluted tubule which lies in the cortex †¢The tubule descends into the medulla and forms a u shaped structure called loop of Henle before rising again to form a distal convoluted tubule †¢The distal tubule drains the urine into collecting ducts that lead to renal pelvis and then it is emptied through the ureter to the bladder The Formation of Urine †¢Different sections of the nephron have specialized functions in the formation of urine and conservation of water †¢Urine is hypoosmotic in ammals meaning that water tends to move from urine into the body fluids this is an adaptation that conserves water †¢Three features of nephrons: 1. Conserve nutrients and water 2. Balance salts 3. Concentrate wastes for excretion †¢Urine formation is the result of three interrelated processes: oFiltration: occurs when the body fluids move from the blood into the bowman’s capsule oReabsorption: transfers essential solutes and water from the nephrons back into the blood oSecretion: transfers essential solutes and water from the nephron back into the blood Filtration Urine formation begins in the bowman’s capsule †¢The cells of the bowmans capsule and the capillaries that surround it have a selectively permeable membrane that are wide enough to admit water, ions, small nutrient molecules ( glucose and amino acids), and nitrogenous waste molecules. †¢The high pressure of blood in the glomerule drives the fuid that contrains these molecules and ions into the capsule. Blood cells, platelets and plasma proteins are too large therefore they are retained in capillaries †¢Fluid enters the bowman’s capsule contains only small molecules †¢This is known as filtrationReabsorption †¢The filtere d fluid contains urea, water, ions, and other molecules that are in the same concentrations as they are in the blood plasma. †¢The fluid enters the proximal convoluted tubule where reabsorption occurs †¢Water, ions, and nutrients are transferred back via passive and active transport †¢Speclizied ion pumps transport postassium sodium and chlorine from the filtrate into the fluid surrounding the tubule. †¢Active transport proteins in the walls of tubule reabsorb amino acids glucose and other nutrients †¢Urea and other unwanted compounds are not absorbed Microvilli in the inner walls increases surface area that is available for reabsorption of solutes †¢All of the Reabsorption processes make the filtrate hypoosmotic to the interstitial fluid, this causes water to flow out of the tubule and into interstitial fluid by osmosis †¢The movement of water is facilitated by membrane proteins called aquaporins or water channels †¢They ensure that the maxim um amount of water is removed from the tubule during reabsorption †¢The remaining fluid has a high concentration of urea and other wastes moves into the loop of henle. More water is absorbed †¢Then as it goes up the ascending the Na and Cl are out of the tubule †¢Towards the top of the ascending segment ions are moved out by active transport †¢Thus as the fluid flows through the loop og henle water nutrients and ions are conserved and returned to body fluids and urea and other nitrogenous wastes have become concentrated in the filtrate †¢The distal convoluted tubule removes additional water and salts †¢Ore ions and solutes more out of the fluid than into it †¢Amount of urea and other nitrogenous wastes remain the same. Concentrated urea and wastes flow into the collecting ducts which concentrated the urine more †¢Collecting ducts decend from cortex through medulla †¢Permeable to water but not to salt ions †¢Concentration of solutes i ncreases with depth as fluid decends into the medulla Secretion †¢Removal of waste products from blood and fluids †¢Wastes are secreted at several points †¢Some wastes are secreted rom interstitial fluid into proximal convoluted tubule †¢H+ ions are actively secreted and the products of detoxified poisons from liver are passively secreted †¢Ammonia secreted into the tubule Secretion of H+ ions into the filtrate helps to balance the acidity that is generated constantly †¢hormones triggered by changes in salt concentrations vary the amounts of K+ and H+ secreted †¢if acidity rises the excess H+ ions are secreted into collecting ducts and excreted †¢when urine reaches the bottom of the collecting ducts it is roughly 4x as concentrate †¢urine flows into the renal pelvis through the ureters and into the bladder Kidney Disease must function properly to maintain water balance and homeostasis †¢they are affected by disease or injury in other parts of the body because in contact with blood and wastes from everywhere †¢break down of kidney can impact any organ †¢urinalysis: contents of urine are analyzed for traces of metabolites and molecules that result from disease †¢diabetes mellitus: is caused by insufficient secretion of insulin causes blood sugar level to rise †¢it can be detected in urinalysis †¢kidney stone re an affliction of E. S. caused by the buildup of mineral solutes such as oxalates phosphates and carbonates. These combine with calcium to produce crystals that accumulate and form stones the can cause pain because they are sharp stones †¢Broken up by high energy sound waves in process called extracorporeal shoch wave lithotripsy ESWL †¢Also can be removed by uteroscope or surgery †¢Loss of kidney function requires the use of dialysis †¢In dialysis blood is run through filtering machine and the loss of kidney function results to need of kidney transplant ? Defini tions 1. Contractile Vacuole: A structure in a single-celled organism that maintains osmotic equilibrium by pumping excess fluid out of the cell. . Metanephridium: An excretory organ in some invertebrates that is used to reabsorb and eliminate wastes 3. Malpighian Tubule: the main organ of exretion in insects, which is used to carry wastes to the intestines 4. Nephron: the tiny functional unit of the kidney that filters wastes from the blood 5. Bowman’s Capsule: a small folded structure in the human kidney that encircles the glomerulus 6. Glomerulus: a network of capillaries within the Bowman’s capsule that perform the first step in the filtration of blood 7.Afferent arteriole: A vessel that supplies blood to the nephrons in the human kidneysRead also Lab 2 Biology8. Efferent arteriole: A vessel that carries blood from the nephrons in the human kidneys 9. Peritubular Capillaries: a net of capillaries in the nephrons that reabsorb essential ions and minerals from filter ed blood 10. Proximal convoluted tubule: the duct portion of a nephron that connects the bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle 11. Loop of Henle: the U-shaped part of the duct that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule 12.Distal convoluted tubule: the duct portion of a nephron that connects the loop of Henle to the ducts that lead to the renal pelvis 13. Filtration: the process in which blood and fluid pass through a selectively permeable membrane 14. Reabsorption: the transfer of water, ions, and nutrients back to the interstitial fluid via passive and active transport 15. Aquaporin: a membrane protein that passively transports water molecules 16. Secretion: the removal of waste materials from the blood and intercellular fluid